Prejudice in the Merchant of Venice Essay

Bias is a huge subject in The Merchant of Venice. This is communicates at different events all through the novel. One of the most critical instances of bias in this novel is the Anti-Semitic perspectives on the Christian residents in Venice. A second demonstration of partiality in The Merchant of Venice happens when the Prince of Morocco shows up in Venice. The third model, however increasingly unobtrusive, is the preference towards the Prince of Arragon. These three models fall in to two significant classifications, racial bias and strict preference. The Anti-Semitic perspectives in The Merchant of Venice have a significant impact in the novel. Without the Anti-Semitic perspectives, the elopement plot and the bond plot would not be in presence. On the off chance that Jessica were Christian, Shylock would have grasped the marriage of Lorenzo and Jessica. Religion, be that as it may, mediates and causes Shylock’s outrage at his girl. The bond plot essentially depends on strict strain. Shylock the Jew would not have been so unfriendly towards Antonio and Bassanio had they all been Jewish or Christian. The conduct in the court additionally made an overwhelming commitment to the Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice .The disciplines for Jews were far more regrettable than those given to Christians. Jews had truly brutal limitations permitting them to just be cash loan specialists. The second case of bias happens among Portia and the Prince of Morocco. This partiality, be that as it may, isn't strict like the bias among Shylock and Antonio, yet is to a greater extent a type of racial preference. As the subsequent demonstration starts, Morocco states, â€Å"Mislike me not for my composition, the shadowed attire of the shined sun.† (2.1.1-2). This was said to Portia to ask her not to pass judgment on the sovereign on his composition, yet rather that he be decided on what is within him. Portia, nonetheless, had concluded that she would not appreciate wedding the ruler. She communicates her preference by saying, â€Å"If I could offer the fifth greeting with so great heart as I can say goodbye to the next four, I ought to be happy of his methodology. On the off chance that he have the state of a holy person and the composition of a fiend, I had preferably heshrive me over wive me.† (Shakespeare 127-131) Her choice was plainly put forth and in spite of the Prince’s attempts to assist her with understanding that he was much the same as any man she stayed unyielding about her understanding. The third case of preference, additionally racial, is towards the Prince of Arragon. The Prince of Arragon is taunted in different habits all through the scene where he picks the coffin. The Prince’s name added a type of satire to the story. His name, Arragon, like Arragon, educated the peruser regarding his mentality and character all in all. The Prince of Arragon likewise expressed, â€Å"What’s here? The representation of a squinting moron introducing me a schedule!† (2.9.58-60). This announcement is additionally offending towards the ruler because of the way that he can’t even perceive his own self. Also, he alluded to the picture in the mirror as a squinting moron. The partiality here is given my Shakespeare and included as opposed to being given from another character, it is communicated as an attribute of the Prince of Arragon himself. Shakespeare, for this situation, shows preference, not a character. The job of partiality assumes a significant job in The Merchant of Venice. This partiality, anyway annoying and mean it appears to be currently was not as seriously saw in the Elizabethan period. Actually, this preference was totally typical. The oppression and preference towards Jews, minorities individuals, and individuals from specific countries was a customary piece of every day live. Without the bias in The Merchant of Venice, the books plot would be useless.

Criminal Sanction Essay -- Criminal Justice, Crime Control Model

Presentation The elevated level of action in the criminal equity framework and the resultant efficiency emerge from a scope of interconnected convictions that the execution of criminal approvals to wrongdoers is a fundamental and helpful methods for holding up the current good and political request. In other words, the criminal approval can be esteemed to be a reinforcer of the ethical convictions and social request. This paper, nonetheless, will take a gander at the two sides of the use of criminal authorization. ‘Used fortunately and others consciously it is an underwriter of human opportunity; utilized unpredictably and coercively, it is a threatener.’ (Packer, 1968:366) Teacher Packer utilizes his insight and comprehension of the idea of criminal authorization to a great extent to show the amount it really threatens opportunity; subsequently the contentions will spin around this view. The paper intends to clarify Packer’s cite and represent examples of criminal authorization as a ‘prime guarantor’ or ‘prime threatener’ of human opportunity. The article at that point goes to clarify the talk and the truth of equity and plans to call attention to the hole, which exists between the two. As Herbert Packer recognized the law in books can be very old and disengaged from the real world (Packer, 1968). His optimal models, to be specific fair treatment and wrongdoing control, will be the foundation of the criminal equity assessment. Notwithstanding, different models will be acquainted and utilized with evaluate Packer’s symbolism of significant worth decisions. So as to honestly survey the character of equity nearby cr iminal approval in essence and have the option to make inferences on how is equity showed, this paper will compactly take a gander at a few parts of criminal equity process, including policing, arraignment and court systems, and outside elements which sha... ... as insignificant. Rather, this model sees wrongdoing just as an event for social mediation. The wrongdoers are not viewed as answerable for their demonstrations, but instead as items and in certain cases the casualties of occasions outside their ability to control (King, 1981). As per this viewpoint, through and through freedom and good duty are sheer figments. In this way, rather than rebuffing individuals for taking part in crimes, society ought to find methods of addressing their requirements by ‘providing them with the essential human social characteristics for them to control their future conduct thus convert them into decent citizens’ (King 1981:19). This model returns to the thought of a criminal law without criminal assents. It contends against the usage of criminal endorses, and considers it not helpful in checking wrongdoing, just as a threatener to those exposed to it.

Flashback 1.0

Flashback 1.0 So, a few weeks ago, Matt gave me an excellent idea for content: recycling! So, welcome to Flashback: Part 1, where my older and wiser senior self will laugh herself silly over my less wise freshman self. So, who am I? Im Laura, and in my first entry ever, I introduced myself to the blogosphere. (I still really like that entry, its definitely worth a read if youve got the time.) What did prefrosh Laura think shed major in? When I do get to MIT, Im planning to declare Course 2 (Mechanical Engineering) as a major and possibly minor in Course 17 (Political Science). Interesting. I got the major right, but probably on accident. Also, unless something changes drastically (again), Ill graduate without taking a single political science class. But, if you think about my sudden realization that I want to work in International Development, everything comes full circle. If youre a prospective student and youre thinking, Man, I wish I could do some of those things MIT kids do, it seems like so much fun. But I dont know the first thing about it, so I guess I wont apply- STOP. Good advice then, and good advice now. I am here, ready and willing to be the poster child for people who get headaches listening to conversations at MIT but still love every minute of it. Huh. This is really interesting, because I remember writing it, and really meaning it. But I have really transformed into the type of person who leads those headache-inducing conversations. I really remember being so overwhelmed by MIT, and how smart those kids were, and how much more they knew than I did aboutwell, basically everything- computers, science, the WORLD, whatever. Well, the dirty little secret is, freshmen are all dumb. What I mean is, people start on a pretty level playing field. Even people who have some crazy experience thats totally outside your realm of comprehension, theyre gonna fail some tests too. Years later, most of these dumb freshmen have transformed into those crazy intimidating MIT students. I guess what Im getting at here is this: the point of college is to become educated. And in some ways, MIT does an awesome job of that (yes, some, not all)so being intimidated because you dont think you know anything is really silly. Thats the point. If you knew every thing, why would you go to college? My prefrosh blogger self was a little strained for topics, seeing as how she was writing before even showing up at MIT. (This was well before being an admissions blogger was cool, so there was no super competitive blogger selection process, which is how you all ended up with me.) So I wrote about the summer housing lottery. So I filled out the Freshman Housing Lottery like this: I tied Baker and Burton-Conner for first and listed New House as my third choice. After that I barely even remember. I know Id be happy in any of those 3, so itll all work out okay. HA! Ahahahaha. This is priceless. Let me let you in a little secret: my summer housing lottery preferences were COMPLETELY WRONG. I forget the exact order of my preferences after that, but I believe Random came in around 5, right before or after Simmons, and East Campus made its appearance around number 9. WRONG WRONG WRONG WRONG. I mean, for me, obviously. I fell into the same trap as nearly every prefrosh ever, so hopefully enough people will read this and believe me, as someone who got it wrong and then spent 2 years as REX chair trying to convince others not to make the same mistake: Burton Conner IS NOT Baker. I mean, not even close. I would not have been happy at Baker. Matt lived there happily for 4 years, and Ive heard its a cool place and all, but just.no. I got to campus and realized that I thought East Campus might actually be cool. Which really confused me, because I was terrified of it before arriving. I was suddenly torn. Stay in BC, or request a transfer to EC? I even trudged across Mass Ave in a torrential downpour to ask the poor, exhausted deskworker for a tour. I asked a upperclassman BC resident who was on the waiting list to move to EC for his advice. I agonized over the decision, and finally confirmed my assignment to Burton Conner. 3 years later, I still dont know if that was the right thing to do. If I were to do it all over again as a prefrosh, knowing what I know now, my preferences might look something more like: 1. East Campus/Burton Conner 3. Random 4. Bexley 5. New 10. Baker What is the moral of this story? For the love of the Almighty- DO REX! The next step was to upload [the banner for my blog back in the day before mitadmissions.org]. Any images we bloggers post here need to be hosted in our Athena lockers. All MIT students get Athena accounts, which allow you to have your @mit.edu email as well as some server space with MIT. This space is known as your Athena locker. So Ben sent me a link with info about how to upload to this Athena locker, only Ben is a crazy Mac user and my parents (who buy the computers we use) would be so totally confused by the concept of a different kind of OS that they always stick to Windows. So Bens help didnt really work. So after searching unsuccessfully for similar info about Windows, I stumbled across this program called Filezilla, which supposedly allows you to upload files securely. So I downloaded it and started trying it out. I had no instructions, but I figured hey, I got into MIT, how hard can it be? I totally know what FTP is (file transfer protocol) and I think I might have used it once before, so lets see what I can come up with. Well, after hours of hard work and blundering around without a clue as to what I was doing, I finally. gave up and hosted the image on http://photobucket.com/ .. Then I came back to my dorm to try to set up my Internet connection I had removed my ethernetthing to put in my wireless card, and the computer got mad at me for that. It kept crashing as soon as I turned it on. After playing with it for awhile, I finally managed to get to the point where the wireless card detected a signal. From there it was only a matter of entering my Athena usernname and password and You guys, Im so, so proud of myself right now. It was probably the simplest thing I ever had to do on a computer but hey! It worked! Im excited! I can use the Internet now! Awww. I was so scared of computers! I had never used anything more complicated than Powerpoint, which I taught myself in my 7th grade computer applications class. Within 10 months of those blog entries, Id been hired by MITs Information Services and Technology Computing Help Desk. I still work there, and its actually turning out to be the activity at MIT that Ive stuck with the longest. Every time I work, I answer a whole range of phone calls- everything from people who should never be allowed to own computers right through clients who work as the tech support of their lab who have run into a trickier problem than theyre capable of dealing with. I wont say that I answer all of these calls with the utmost amount of grace and intelligence, but I do well enough. Incredible, when you consider how puzzled I was by connecting my computer to the wireless network the first day that I arrived on campus. Now when I answer the phone at IST, I silently pray that the person on the other end of th e line says, I cant get my computer to connect to the Internet, because I know I can likely resolve that within 5 minutes. We excited prefrosh also received the results of the HASS-D lottery. I was lucky enough to be assigned my first choice class here too- 21F.716 (Introduction to Contemporary Hispanic Literature). Let me just say that I really have no problem with this concept where everyone refers to classes by their numbers, Ive even got some of them figured out already. But 21F.716 is way too much for me. How do you even say that out loud? Isnt it just much easier to call it Spanish Lit or something? Really now. Anyway, I made a stop at Barnes and Noble yesterday and picked up a new Spanish-English dictionary and now Im fully ready to take some Spanish at MIT. Im not sure if Ill have to meet with the professor to prove my proficiency at Spanish, so well see how that goes. Maybe my AP Spanish score will count. Aw, another cute one. Butbuteverything is numbered?! Yes, Naive Prefroshling, everything is numbered. Get used to it. Also, when I asked the Spanish professor how to prove my proficiency in Spanish, she basically told me in so many words, Youre a big kid now. You know if you can handle the class, not me. If you want to sign up for something that you know is over your head, thats your problem. I took the class, was one of 3 non-native Spanish speakers, and got an A-. (Hidden grade, of course.) Im getting a little tired of every single person I run into at Bed, Bath and Beyond asking me if Im excited about school. No offense to all the adults out there, but that one definitely ranks at the top of the list of Lamest and Most Annoying Questions Ever. Just a heads up. HA! This one made me burst out laughing when I reread it, because it reminded me of reading blogger applications. While you all had highly engaging blogs and everything, I think I read about 15 trips to Bed, Bath, and Beyond (which took me back to fond memories of my own trip to the same in my hometown) and I swore I would strangle someone the next time I heard the words the next four years of my life. Also, its interesting because So, are you excited about graduating? What are you going to do with the rest of your life? is now officially the new most annoying question ever. This trip down memory lane brings me tomy first day of classes at MIT. Seriously. I was prolific back in the day. I probably even rivaled Snively in terms of blogging frequency. Dont believe me? Go check out the archives. To be fair, my entries were all pretty short, and theyve gotten a lot longer over time. In any case, this still leaves me with quite a bit of material left to reminisce over from freshman year, so look forward to similar entries in the future. Apparently I used to end every entry with Have a nice day. I also used to say 09er instead of just 09. Its actually really annoying to read. Would it be wrong of me to go back and change those entries? And P.S., I had really long hair! Heres a photo of me posing with Susan Hockfield during Orientation of freshman year: My hair has been getting progressively shorter since then. In fact, I got a haircut just a few days ago, and decided to show off both my new style and my civic responsibility by posing with my completed, sealed, and stamped absentee ballot: So thats your friendly reminder to register to vote or request your absentee ballot, as appropriate. Deadlines are quickly approaching! Responses to comments: A few weeks ago I wrote long and detailed responses to about a million comments, and then my computer crashed and I lost them all. Apparently I havent learned the cardinal rule of computers despite my progress: always save your work! Heres attempt number 2, Im sorry its so late! Claire said: mattress alarm clock = clock that vibrates the mattress at a specified time, really useful for deaf and blind people. Ha! Actually, its an alarm clock that flips your mattress upside down and throws you out of bed. I think the idea has merit, but my 2.009 group is currently going in a different direction Oasis 11 said: A good entry into ID is doing Peace Corps after you graduate. =) At the time of your comment, my application to the Peace Corps was about 3/4 complete. Ive since submitted it, and have scheduled my interview for next week- so wish me luck! RobotGrrl said: Robotics is more than designing vacuums. Its mainly about research and innovation- which makes it way more fun than what you mentioned! For instance, ever since the Dartmouth Conference about AI in 1957, weve been trying to create something that has a general AI. We assumed it would be incredibly easy, when it actually isnt. The amount of thought that has to go in to programming something how to perceive its surroundings is astonishing! . My point being, the future of robots just isnt in household maintenance. Its in interaction between the robot, its environment, and humans. Maybe you just were introduced to the wrong view of robotics. ^_^ Okay, dont get me wrong, I know robots are awesome. I just cant see myself working on them for the rest of my life. I think its kind of silly that we spent millions of dollars in research into things like AI when we still havent figured out how to feed all of the hungry people in the world. Trust me, when I showed up at the Career Fair a few weeks ago, I couldnt help myself- I handed a copy of my resume to NASA, because theres still that small part of me thats sad to be turning away from my dream of designing Mars rovers. But, I ultimately think Im doing the right thing for me right now. John Wong said: As a older person living beyond school I have an independent perspective on this. I think your primary passion was Spanish, yet somehow you ended up as a science/engineering major. I think you let other people influenced your career decision. However its never too late to do things on your own. With all due respect, not so much. =) I mean, sure, I sort of turned my back on things Ive been interested in, and probably too muchbut thats not to say that Im not into engineering. Also, majoring in Spanish? No way. I could never do it. Just like I could never be just an engineer. The point is, I really need the mix, or I cant function, and Ive finally figured out how to do that! han dijo: que buena historia me gustacreo q nos parecemos jjaja a mi siempre me gustado la mate y las ciencias pero ahora veo q tambien me gusta dibujar aunq dibujo horrible y no tengo paciencia pero me gusta jajaj es raro tengo un dilemma por momento, quiero estudiar pure math pero no se que puedo contribuir a la sociedad con eso cuando graduo :-( parece q esta major no es muy practico.(escribo en español porq solo quiero q tu lo leas eso y tambien queria probar cuan bueno es tu español) really thank u for this entry It is the longest post I ever have read completely at mit blogs. Pues, como otra person también dijo, me imagino que no somos las unicas personas en el mundo que hablamos español. Y también me parece un poco maleducado decir algo en plan quiero probrar cuan bueno es tu español, especialmente porque hablo lo suficiente para poder encontrar el error en tu comentario Alright kids, this might be the longest entry EVER. Im off to grab some food, head to a 2.009 meeting, and then pack for a spontaneous 24 hour trip back to the greatest state ever.

The Importance Of Teaching Humanities And Arts - 1337 Words

Teaching Children the Arts and Humanities Jenry Martin PHI103: Informal Logic Instructor: Stephen Krogh March 7, 2016 Ashford University My research is about the importance of teaching humanities and arts to kids. Humanities and art can provide understanding to children opening their minds and after my research, I can say I am in favor that children learn in early ages humanities and art. In this paper, I will provide both examples why kids should study them and why not. I will explain how do humanities and art help them to develop their intelligence and how could not be so beneficially for them as well. Even though some people say that art classes are a drain on the economy and art educations are considered a distraction and that art classes do not give children more development in their grades, my research will talk about the importance of teaching humanities and arts to kids. I will show first the good part of teaching at and humanities to kids: Premise 1: Humanities class gives kids sense about where they come from. Premise 2: Humanities helps kid to develop skills they need to grow up. Premise 3: Art relaxes your mind. Premise 4: Art helps kids to express their emotions. Conclusion: therefore children should be taught humanities I found that my argument is intended to be deductive, and, later on, I will put a counterargument to explain it: My first premise shows that humanities help the kids to learn history. Help them to understand aboutShow MoreRelatedEssay about Tolstoys What Is Art?938 Words   |  4 Pages Leo Tolstoy compares art to speech by mentioning that art is a form of communication. The communication that Tolstoy writes about in â€Å"What Is Art?† is of two types, good and bad. According to Tolstoy, good art is what carries humanity towards perfection (Tolstoy 383). It is this movement forward in humanity that is emphasized by Tolstoy. Tolstoy informs his readers that speech is what teaches knowledge from human history, but art is what teaches the emotions of mankind’s past. As knowledgeRead More A Creative Classroom Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesA Creative Classroom Art education is an essential part of a childs development through life, and much of their learning for life takes place inside the classroom. Those first few years are so incredibly important to the development of each child, and without the creative learning opportunities, children will lack the qualities they need to grow in this world. 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Many famous names in the art world stem from the Renaissance such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Their amazing, detailed paintings have inspired artists globally for hundreds of years to take after them. New ways of building, seemingly impossible, became possible because of educated decisions that Renaissance thinkers were able to make d ue to their humanist educationRead MoreThe Importance Of Arts And Funding Public School System Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesThe importance of arts and funding in the public school system. â€Å"I believe arts education in music, theater, dance, and the visual arts is one of the most creative ways we have to find the gold that is buried just beneath the surface. They (children) have an enthusiasm for life a spark of creativity, and vivid imaginations that need training – training that prepares them to become confident young men and women.†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Richard W. Riley, Former US Secretary of Education. 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Ottino and Gary Saul Morson entitled â€Å"Building a Bridge Between Engineering and the Humanities.† Ottino and Morson discuss the importance of the fields of engineering and the humanities. The purpose of the essay is to show how engineering and the humanities are linked together and are needed simultaneously. Even though, Morson andRead MoreThe Renaissance Was A Time Of `` Rebirth `` And Changing Thoughts1226 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancements in mathematics which lead to new art techniques, math theories that are also used today in schools and how advancements in mathematics influenced scientific discovery. Prior to the Renaissance was the middle ages or medieval times. The middle ages span from the 5th century to the 15th century, there were no exciting things that happened during the middle ages, there were no discoveries being made, no great leaders or profound works of art being produced. 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Types Of Poetry A Poem Which Deals With Religious...

Poetry Terms Types of Poetry 1. Ballad: A poem which deals with religious themes, love, tragedy, domestic crimes, and even sometimes propaganda. Example- â€Å"Rime of an Ancient Mariner† is an example of a lyrical ballad. ‘Day after day, day after day We stuck nor breathe, nor motion; As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean’ 2. Lyric poem: Any short poem that presents a singular speaker who expresses thoughts and feelings. Love lyrics are common. Sonnets and odes also apply. Example- Fallen by Freddie Robinson Jr. I fall in love so easily The simplest act of kindness often deeply moves me I fall in love so effortlessly Hearing a stranger s voice often stir up fond memories Love can be found in all things that people do and say Searching for love can be such a joy Especially when you don t know exactly what you re looking for Falling in love is the gentlest fall It s the most wonderful trip of all Falling falling falling ... No matter how many times the words tumble out Your heart always gets caught by the beauty of its calling 3. Narrative poem: A non-dramatic poem which tells a story or presents a narrative, simple or complex. Example- Animal Farm by George Orwell is a modern narrative example that aim at extending a writer’s political views. It is a form of narrative known as a political satire. It uses animals on a farm to describe the overthrow of the last of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II and theShow MoreRelatedElizabethan Era11072 Words   |  45 Pagesassociated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. It was an age considered to be the height of the English Renaissance, and saw the full flowering of English literature and English poetry. In Elizabethan theater, William Shakespeare, among others, composed and staged plays in a variety of settings that broke away from Englands past style of plays. It was an age of expansion and exploration abroad, while at home the Protestant ReformationRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 PagesWalt†©Whitman’s†©vision†©of†©America†©in†©Leaves†©of†©Grass†© †© Contents†© I. †© Introduction†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©4†© Starting†©point†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†©4†© Short†©biography†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©5†© Historical†©context†©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†©7†© Thematic†©analysis†©of†©poems†© a. 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Benchmarking conflict management Free Essays

Benchmarking is a process of determining what is best, may it be a company, organization, business or individual. This is done by setting standards and who attains the set standards. Benchmarking is done by comparing two or more companies in order to get which emerges the best among them. We will write a custom essay sample on Benchmarking conflict management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The companies or individuals that do the same kind of work or business are best benchmarked. In benchmarking, also known as geodetic control points there need to be a process to follow in order to get the winner, what process the winner followed to get there. Benchmarking is a quality improvement initiative this encourages companies and organizations to improve their quality to avoid being the last. (Galdin, 2005) Conflict is the struggle between the incompatible or opposing needs, wishes or individuals. Benchmarking conflict management is trying to come up with the best method to solve the conflicts between the companies or individuals with the same goal or wish e. g. two companies wishing to buy the same piece of land for expansion. Benchmarking Conflict approach Gadency bus services are a company operating from Manchester city to London city. It is a public transport company having a fleet of more than a hundred buses. It wanted top buy a piece of land to build a garage, it targeted a piece of land owned by Manchester city council. The conflict arises when the city council refuses to sell the land to the company. Conflict rose when the city authority declined to sell the piece of land to them. The company had to look for means to solve the conflict. In this situation the bus company is responsible for the city council actions. Conflict situations offered the company an opportunity to choose a style for responding to the conflict. The most effective conflict prevention and management is to choose the conflict management style appropriate for the conflict. The company chooses a compromising style to solve the conflict which was very important to them to satisfy their interests, the company compromised to split the difference between them and the city council. The company chooses to ask for lease which was granted for the council was not ready to sell the land. Gadency bus acquired the land for choosing the best method to solve the conflict. (Cavenagh, 1999) London breweries are a brewing company situated is western suburb of London city. It wanted top buy a piece of land to build a warehouse, it targeted a piece of land owned by London city authority. The conflict arises when the city authority refuses to sell the land to the company. Conflict rose when the city authority declined to sell the piece of land to them. The company had to look for means to solve the conflict. In this situation the bus company is responsible for the city authority actions. Conflict situations offered the company an opportunity to choose a style for responding to the conflict. The most effective conflict prevention and management is to choose the conflict management style appropriate for the conflict. The company chooses an accommodating style put their interests last and let the city authority have what they want. The brewing company believes that keeping a good friendship is more important than anything else. The city authority declined completely to sell the land to the company and the company moved on by the decision of the city authority’s decision and did not acquire the land. This was as a result of the conflict solving style used by the company. (Simons, 2002) Conclusion Benchmarking conflict management between the two companies would solve the conflict between them and also improve the quality of their services. By the setting of some standards by the city council has also encouraged the companies to choose appropriate style that is preferred in solving the dispute. Interaction of the Manchester city council and London city authority helped in improving the group behavior and avoiding completely spoiling of the inter-group relation and also helped in solidifying the groups. By each company applying different conflict solving style, this determines the result each company gets. How to cite Benchmarking conflict management, Essays

Theories of Crime and Deviance in Terms of Explaining Crime free essay sample

Some of the theories which will be discussed today are developed from functionalism assuming that criminal activity is motivated by economic needs, while other theorists argue a social class rationale for deviance. Marxist attempted to put a new approach in order concerning sub cultural theories. This approach, which was named the ‘new criminology’, puts a much greater emphasis on the perceptions of the deviants, and of those who directly confront the deviant and specific context in which the deviant act occurs. The focus of concern is not of traditional Marxism on how powerful groups create law, but more to do with the law enforcement, patterns of law breaking and the motives of crime. The new Marxist approach on subcultural issue stresses on two factors. 1. The contents of youth culture 2. The differences produced by class background. From a Marxist perspective Crime and deviance can only be understood in terms of capitalism and class struggle. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Crime and Deviance in Terms of Explaining Crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marxist believes that Capitalism creates inequalities, which lead to conflict. Greed, selfishness and want are associated with capitalism, and it is these in which lead people to committing crime. In a capitalist society there are pressures to break the law, which affect people from all sections of society from the wealthiest to the poor. Crimes are often motivated by financial gain, Marxist also agreed with just what Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin argued, by agreeing that yes there are also crimes which are committed which are mot motivated by financial gain, which were called non-utilitian crimes. Again these crimes can be seen as expressions of the frustration and aggression, which the capitalist society produces. Marxists claims that there is one law for the rich and one law for the poor in society. Marxists believe the law is enforced systemically, and it is biased in favour of those who are on top. Corporate crime costs society much more than benefit fraud committed by the lower class in society, but yet it is those who are at the bottom of society who are targeted more. The police would target the working class more as they often commit crime, which is easily visible, and therefore they are easier to prosecute. . Albert Cohen theory found that certain groups within society react by resorting to crime in order to achieve success. In order to gain a status and that they are motivated to commit these crimes through status frustration. Cohen was one of the first American sociologists to study subcultures and gangs amongst young working class males. Cohen analyzed the motivations of working class youths and the explanations in which could explain why they committed crimes. He accepted that these youths also pursued the success goals of mainstream society, but were unable to achieve those goals because of educational failure, which in turn led to low-level jobs. Such failure was due to their position in the social structure of society. Cultural deprivation is the reason for educational failure of members of the working class. In 1955 Cohen said â€Å"throughout there is a kind of malice apparent, an employment at the discomfort of others and a delight in the defiance of taboos† What Cohen meant by this was that youths in a delinquent subculture take pleasure in other peoples disapproval and suffering as a result of their deviant behavior. Activities such as stealing, Joy riding, Vandalism and truancy are highly regarded in that subculture while condemned in the wider society. Figures from the Crime survey for England and Wales have shown that 2. million violent incidents were recorded in 2011/2012. It’s been estimated that young people aged 10-17 were responsible for 23% of police recorded crime. In 2010 equivalent to just over a million police recorded crimes. Considering other theorists who studied subcultures was Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. Cloward was an American Sociologist and an activist. He influenced the strain theory of criminal behavior. Lloyd Ohlin was an American sociologist and criminologist who taught at Harvard law school, Columbia University and the university of Chicago. Over his career he studied the causes and effects of crime and punishment, especially as it related to youthful offenders and delinquents. This is seen as a functional perspective of subcultural behavior. Many working class youths who cannot gain status legitimately, become frustrated and therefore try to gain status through illegitimate. They create their own subculture and reject the norms and values of mainstream society. Richard Clowen in 1961 said, â€Å" The boy who joins a gang isn’t in a rut. He has aspirations, but no place to go with them†. Both theorists argue that delinquency resulted from the irresponsibility of youths as a symptom of poverty and the lack of alternative opportunities caused by poverty. The conditions underlying delinquency could be resolved through social programs in local communities that will help address the essential causes and provide support for those in their local society. Members of the working class are more likely to deviate because they have fewer opportunities to achieve success by legitimate means. However, they then developed three possible responses to this problem. The crime committed within these subcultures if often non-utilitarian. This means the crime is undertaken for no financial gain. For example, vandalizing a building or to graffiti a building. This does not make money for the criminal, however it will gain status among their peers. Figures have shown that Graffiti cleanup takes a big chunk out of budgets. In America 80% of the Graffiti is gang related. In 2003 the city of Los Angeles spent $55 million dollars on graffiti removal. Cloward and Ohlin identify the 3 types of delinquent subculture. First one being Criminal Subculture, in this situation the young delinquent has access to a criminal subculture. Such subcultures emerge in areas where there is already an organized adult criminal community. The 2nd type of delinquent subculture is Conflict subculture. Here, conflict subculture develops in areas where there is little opportunity to gain access to a criminal subculture. Such as there is no real opportunity to acquire role models and criminal skills. The last type of delinquent subculture is the retreatist subculture. In this situation, working class youths will be faced with failure to achieve uccess either by lawfully or unlawfully. Such a subculture will often revolve around drugs. David Matza who is an American sociologist developed a theory on delinquency, which is based on what he terms. â€Å"Drift†. His concept of drift is based on the idea that individuals at will between law abiding and criminal behavior and are never committed entirely to one type of behavior. His theory argues that crime has an element of freewill, individual choice and a questioning of behavior. He believes that individuals have a choice and can decide on different courses of action. He argues against the subculture theorists previously stated that external force within society does not dictate all their movement. Matza asserts that most delinquents disapprove of crimes of violence such as armed robbery and mugging as well as stealing cars. Indeed he argues that young offenders are only engaged in committing crimes occasionally. They are casually immersed in a pattern of illegal activity. Matza observed several values from delinquents in which they refine as subterranean values. The 1st value delinquents search for a thrill or an adrenaline rush. This rush they seek is not easily accomplished through law-abiding means. The excitement might even come from the fact that the behavior is not accepted. The 2nd value is that they do not view normal occupations as worth the work when they can make more money doing illegal acts. Researchers believe this is to gain rank and prestige among their criminals. Lastly they argue that the delinquent becomes aggressive because of their alienation. This is clearly seen in gang rivalries when violence is used to protect â€Å"turfs† and reputations. The purpose of this aggression is to show how tough they are and that they have achieved manhood. However Matza concluded that their study on the effect of subterranean values still do not explain several aspects of Juvenile delinquency. For example the reasons into why certain Juveniles convert subterrerrean values into serious criminal behavior and others do not. Subcultural theories have been built upon the work of Merton. Theorists have said that deviance is the result of individuals conforming to the values and norms of a social group to which they belong. However if a social group who’s norms are different than those of the main society then they will become deviant. Cohen said lower working class boys want to achieve the success, which is valued by mainstream culture. However due to education failure and the head end jobs that result from this, they have little chance of achieving these goals. This then leads to status frustration. The boys are at the bottom of the social structure and have little chance of gaining a higher status in society. This is similar to Merton’s theory, however Cohen said that instead of turning to crime as Merton said they would, they reject the norms and values of mainstream society and instead turn to the norms and values of a delinquent subculture. In this subculture the boys can achieve success because the social group has different norms and values from the rest of society. So in this culture a high value is placed upon criminal acts such as stealing and vandalism, which are condemned by mainstream society. The issue with today’s society could be argued that the mean reason is the increase of the unemployment rate. The percentage of young youths being unemployed is higher than ever. 75 Million, which works out 12. 6% of 15-24 year olds around the world, are out of work. 7. 5 million of those youths are not in either education or training. Cherie Blair, who is the chair of the street weapons commission, told the daily telegraph that she believed â€Å"that there is no quick fixes to solve the problems of gun and knife violence in Britain. † She cautioned that no single policy would â€Å"Reverse the trend of young people carrying weapons†. More than 70 youngsters died at the hands of gangs in Britain in 2008. In London 26 were stabbed to death, there’s more than 170 gangs, with members as young as ten years old. Many are friends from the same area with intent of controlling a â€Å"turf† referring back also to what Matza stated. These â€Å"turfs† are often defined by a postcode. The penalty for straying into the wrong area is to be robbed, beaten or stabbed. Many teenagers now carry a knife out of fear, in order to defend themselves if attacked. These figures prove that Cloward and Ohlin’s theory still are relevant in today’s society. When they stated that delinquency resulted from the irresponsibility of youths as a symptom of poverty and the lack of alternative opportunity caused by poverty. This could most defiantly refer back to a society such as London as 4 in 10 London children Live in poverty. David Downes is a British sociologist that studied east London adolescents, and tested the American sub cultural theories. There was no evidence to suggest the existence of status frustration or of the illegitimate opportunity structures that Cloward and Ohlin’s argued. However he did find strong evidence in support of Matza. Their lives were characterized by dissociation from work and aspirations of a career. They did not enjoy their jobs, it was merely a means of gaining money. However they did not show resentment about law school status, as Cohen would have predicted. Or lack of employment opportunities. Contrary to Cloward and Ohlin, the lack of satisfaction at work and school often led youths to stress. Downes called this â€Å"leisure values† which is very similar to Matza’s subterranean values. The youths in his study placed a much greater stress on leisure values than middle class youths tended to do precisely because of their relative lack of satisfaction at school and work. To conclude, then it seems the majority of subcultural theories are incredibly effective in explaining working class crime and are also able to apply strain theory to back up their arguments. References http://www. arasite. org/subclths. html Cohen, Albert Short, James, (1958), Research in Delinquent Subcultures, Journal of Social Issues, pages 20–37. Cohen, P. (1972). Sub-cultural Conflict and Working Class Community. Working Papers in Cultural Studies. No. 2. Birmingham: University of Birmingham. Miller, Walter (1958). Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency. Journal of Social Issues. Pages 5-20 Matza, David. (1964). Delinquency and Drift. Reprint edition: 1990. Transaction Press. Pages